Infant Toddler Temperament Tool (IT³)

Complete this assessment to determine the "goodness of fit" between you and your infant (birth to 18 months). For each trait, select the option that best describes you and your infant. Review the recommendations that appear below each trait assessment.

1. Activity Level

Refers to the general level of motor activity when one is awake or asleep. Motor activity involves large and small muscle movement like running, jumping, rolling over, holding a crayon, picking up toys, etc.

I am:

My infant is:

Recommendations:

If you both are highly active: Enjoy scooting, crawling, walking, running and climbing inside and outside with your child. Make sure that you and your child both take time for rest. Help your child learn to take a break by modeling the signs of feeling tired.

If you both are less active: Enjoy cozying up on the couch or in a chair with a book or soothing music. Establish brief and consistent times during the day for physical activity. This will help you and your child feel ready to get moving.

If you are highly active and your infant is less active: Provide your child with time on his/her tummy to help promote muscle development. Let your child observe what is going on around him/her as you narrate. Listen to music and rock gently with your child.

If you are less active and your infant is highly active: Crumple paper that makes sound and roll it back and forth to your child. Create obstacle courses with pillows and blankets. Play simple games like "Peekaboo." Provide outdoor time for crawling or walking.

2. Distractibility

Is the ease with which one can be distracted, or one's level of concentration or focus.

I am:

My infant is:

Recommendations:

If you both are easily distracted: Create a daily schedule and review it with your child. Try to limit distractions while spending time with your child. Help your child learn to recognize the signs of becoming overstimulated.

If you both are less distracted (more focused): Take pleasure in your chance to have uninterrupted time with each other. When making plans, use advance warnings about transitions and changes in your schedule.

If you are easily distracted and your infant is less distracted: Check in regularly with your child even if he/she is playing contentedly. Take time to engage in floor play with your child. Allow your child enough time with activities they enjoy.

If you are less distracted and your infant is easily distracted: Acknowledge your child's feelings during challenging times. Offer comfort by rocking, holding close, or rubbing his/her back. Anticipate discomfort by changing diapers routinely. Turn off the radio, television, and bright lights during feeding times.

3. Intensity

Refers to the energy level of one's emotional response, both positive and negative.

I am:

My infant is:

Recommendations:

If you both have intense personalities: Enjoy sharing big smiles and laughter while recognizing your child's similarly big frowns and tears. Help your child learn to accept his/her big feelings by providing descriptions of those feelings as well as ways to calm down.

If you both have relaxed personalities: Consider practicing, identifying, and labeling emotions with your child, so that he/she can recognize and accept his/her own and others' emotions. Take time to explain to your child what others may be feeling.

If you have an intense personality and your infant is relaxed: Label your child's emotions to help match a word to the feeling. Use a soft and slow voice when talking with your child. Gradually increase your voice volume and facial expressions, taking care not to overwhelm him/her.

If you have a relaxed personality and your infant is intense: Label your child's emotions to begin teaching a word for a feeling. Tone down the environment using soft lighting and music. Remain calm by taking deep breaths and remember that your child's intense reactions are their way of communicating.

4. Regularity

Relates to the predictability of biological functions such as eating, sleeping, etc.

I am:

My infant is:

Recommendations:

If you both are highly regular: Follow your instincts of maintaining a consistent and predictable routine. Share your child's preferred daily routine with others who care for him/her. Help your child learn to feel comfortable with unplanned interruptions.

If you both are more spontaneous (irregular): Enjoy the spontaneity of the day. Be prepared for change as you plan for the day. If your child gets tired a little earlier, go with it and make time to rest.

If you are highly regular and your infant is more spontaneous: Watch for your child's sleep signs and monitor when they occur. Help establish a sleep routine that your child can anticipate. Consider "feeding on demand" when your child is hungry, and slowly introduce a schedule.

If you are more spontaneous and your infant is highly regular: Respect your child's sleeping and eating schedule. Try to allow him/her to take at least one nap per day in his/her own bed. Establish a daily sleeping and eating routine and try to maintain this routine even when you are not in your own environment.

5. Sensitivity

Describes how sensitive one is to physical stimuli such as light, sound, and textures.

I am:

My infant is:

Recommendations:

If you both are highly sensitive: Enjoy quiet cozy moments together. When in louder or brighter environments than you both enjoy, help your child adjust by finding a quiet space. Provide soft clothing and textures for your child.

If you both are less sensitive: Have fun singing loudly and dancing to music together. Provide activities using sand, water, sandpaper, or feathers. Label these experiences for your child. Take time to notice when sensory input becomes too much.

If you are highly sensitive and your infant is less sensitive: Use brightly colored toys to stimulate your child's senses. Dance or gently rock your child while holding him/her. Feed him/her high-taste purees/foods. Encourage exploration of different textures.

If you are less sensitive and your infant is highly sensitive: Turn off the television, radio, or music when it's too stimulating. Place soap suds on the bathtub or water table wall to allow sensory exploration in a safe place. Respond gently and as soon as possible when your child communicates discomfort.

6. Approachability

Is one's initial response to new places, situations, or things.

I am:

My infant is:

Recommendations:

If you both are highly approachable: Share the pleasure with your child as you take on new adventures and outings to museums, playgroups, parks, or the zoo. Be close by to help your child learn to interact with children who might be less open to new people.

If you both are less approachable: Your child might prefer individual interactions or small gatherings. Plan for these types of experiences versus larger group gatherings. Take time to talk to your child about new situations as you remain his/her safe base.

If you are highly approachable and your infant is less approachable: When introducing your child to a new person, talk with positive facial expressions to the new person before introducing him/her to your child. Allow your child extra time to be close to you. Describe your actions and what you will be doing in new situations.

If you are less approachable and your infant is highly approachable: Provide words for your child's actions by saying things like "You are saying hello!" or "You like to visit with people!" Allow your child to explore new things while staying close by for safe support. Offer a variety of new experiences.

7. Adaptability

Describes how easily one adjusts to changes and transitions.

I am:

My infant is:

Recommendations:

If you both are highly adaptable: Your child will probably find it easy to try new situations and won't feel caught off guard during transitions or disruptions in routine. Continue to use words to narrate when change will occur. Keep an eye out for cues that your child has had enough changes.

If you both are less adaptable: Follow your instinct of taking new situations, people, and transitions slowly, with advance preparation and adequate time. When you have to do something new that doesn't feel good, explain that you feel nervous or uncomfortable, and describe how you might help yourself.

If you are highly adaptable and your infant is less adaptable: When introducing your child to new activities or people, do it gradually. Imagine each new activity is like a swimming pool, and break it down so your child can first "dip" his/her toes, then "submerge" his/her legs, and finally "dunk" his/her body.

If you are less adaptable and your infant is highly adaptable: Allow your child to explore new situations by letting him/her walk or crawl, touch, and smell. Offer a variety of new experiences, including new activities, textures, sights, and sounds, to reinforce your child's curiosity. Describe your child's actions, which communicates that he/she is doing something great.

8. Persistence

Relates to the length of time one continues in activities in the face of obstacles.

I am:

My infant is:

Recommendations:

If you both are highly persistent: Have fun providing a range of activities and new objects and take delight watching all the ways your child explores and interacts with his/her surroundings. Describe this feeling for your child and consider praising his/her efforts rather than the final product.

If you both are less persistent: Break new and challenging activities into smaller parts, and praise your child for his/her efforts. Help your child learn how to recognize when he/she is beginning to feel frustrated and what he/she could do to feel better. Make sure your home is childproofed so your child can explore safely.

If you are highly persistent and your infant is less persistent: Observe and label the beginning signs of your child's frustration. Quickly respond with gentle support such as holding and talking calmly. Structure an interaction with a toy by providing fewer parts. Give your child frequent breaks from an activity.

If you are less persistent and your infant is highly persistent: Praise your child's effort rather than the outcome. Provide a variety of new activities, sights, and sounds for your child to engage with. Allow your child to stick with activities that interest them for extended periods.

9. Mood

Is one's tendency to react to the world mainly in a positive or negative way.

I am:

My infant is:

Recommendations:

If you both have a positive mood: Take delight sharing a giggle or belly laugh at the world around you. Describe your child's happy feelings as you experience these moments together. Play fun games throughout the day such as hide-and-seek and "Peekaboo."

If you both have a serious mood: Your child may like choices. As he/she gets older, allow choices for daily routines such as which story to read together. Give straightforward information about day-to-day happenings. Recognize that being thoughtful or serious does not mean being angry.

If you have a positive mood and your infant has a serious mood: Spend face-to-face time with your child. Show him/her exaggerated positive facial expressions and notice which ones make him/her change his/her facial expression, even if the change is very subtle. Continue to offer those facial expressions, and label the emotions you are demonstrating.

If you have a serious mood and your infant has a positive mood: Spend lots of face-to-face time with your child. Show him/her exaggerated positive facial expressions and notice which expressions make him/her smile. Label the positive emotion of happiness for him/her. Connect words with feelings. Play simple games like "Peekaboo" that engage your child.

Understanding "Goodness of Fit"

Each caregiver and parent also has his or her own temperament. The compatibility between adult and child temperaments can affect the quality of relationships. This compatibility is often called "goodness of fit."

Goodness of fit happens when an adult's expectations and methods of caregiving match the child's personal style and abilities. Goodness of fit does not mean that adult and child temperaments have to match. The parent or caregiver does not have to change who they are. They can simply adjust their caregiving methods to be a positive support to their child's natural way of responding to the world.